In TensorFlow, how can I look at the batch normalization parameters?










1















I'm using a tf.layers.batch_normalization layer in my network. As you may know, batch normalization employs trainable parameters gamma and beta to each unit u_i in this layer, to choose its own standard deviation and mean across u_i(x) for various inputs x. Typically gamma is initialized to 1 and beta to 0.



I'm interested in peeking at the values of gamma and beta that are being learned at various units, to collect statistics about where they tend to end up after the network trains. How can I peek at their current values during each training instance?










share|improve this question


























    1















    I'm using a tf.layers.batch_normalization layer in my network. As you may know, batch normalization employs trainable parameters gamma and beta to each unit u_i in this layer, to choose its own standard deviation and mean across u_i(x) for various inputs x. Typically gamma is initialized to 1 and beta to 0.



    I'm interested in peeking at the values of gamma and beta that are being learned at various units, to collect statistics about where they tend to end up after the network trains. How can I peek at their current values during each training instance?










    share|improve this question
























      1












      1








      1








      I'm using a tf.layers.batch_normalization layer in my network. As you may know, batch normalization employs trainable parameters gamma and beta to each unit u_i in this layer, to choose its own standard deviation and mean across u_i(x) for various inputs x. Typically gamma is initialized to 1 and beta to 0.



      I'm interested in peeking at the values of gamma and beta that are being learned at various units, to collect statistics about where they tend to end up after the network trains. How can I peek at their current values during each training instance?










      share|improve this question














      I'm using a tf.layers.batch_normalization layer in my network. As you may know, batch normalization employs trainable parameters gamma and beta to each unit u_i in this layer, to choose its own standard deviation and mean across u_i(x) for various inputs x. Typically gamma is initialized to 1 and beta to 0.



      I'm interested in peeking at the values of gamma and beta that are being learned at various units, to collect statistics about where they tend to end up after the network trains. How can I peek at their current values during each training instance?







      tensorflow machine-learning neural-network python-3.6






      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question











      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question










      asked Nov 13 '18 at 13:46









      Eric AuldEric Auld

      17313




      17313






















          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          2














          You could get all the variables inside the scope of the batch normalization layer and print them. Example:



          import tensorflow as tf

          tf.reset_default_graph()
          x = tf.constant(3.0, shape=(3,))
          x = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x)

          print(x.name) # batch_normalization/batchnorm/add_1:0

          variables = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.GLOBAL_VARIABLES,
          scope='batch_normalization')
          print(variables)

          #[<tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/gamma:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>,
          # <tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/beta:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>,
          # <tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/moving_mean:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>,
          # <tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/moving_variance:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>]

          with tf.Session() as sess:
          sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
          gamma = sess.run(variables[0])
          print(gamma) # [1. 1. 1.]





          share|improve this answer























          • Thank you! I gather that the scope batch_normalization is added automatically by the layer?

            – Eric Auld
            Nov 14 '18 at 19:00











          • Yes, that's correct.

            – Vlad-HC
            Nov 14 '18 at 19:31










          Your Answer






          StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function ()
          StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function ()
          StackExchange.using("snippets", function ()
          StackExchange.snippets.init();
          );
          );
          , "code-snippets");

          StackExchange.ready(function()
          var channelOptions =
          tags: "".split(" "),
          id: "1"
          ;
          initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);

          StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
          // Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
          if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
          StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
          createEditor();
          );

          else
          createEditor();

          );

          function createEditor()
          StackExchange.prepareEditor(
          heartbeatType: 'answer',
          autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
          convertImagesToLinks: true,
          noModals: true,
          showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
          reputationToPostImages: 10,
          bindNavPrevention: true,
          postfix: "",
          imageUploader:
          brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
          contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
          allowUrls: true
          ,
          onDemand: true,
          discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
          ,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
          );



          );













          draft saved

          draft discarded


















          StackExchange.ready(
          function ()
          StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2fquestions%2f53282439%2fin-tensorflow-how-can-i-look-at-the-batch-normalization-parameters%23new-answer', 'question_page');

          );

          Post as a guest















          Required, but never shown

























          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes








          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes









          active

          oldest

          votes






          active

          oldest

          votes









          2














          You could get all the variables inside the scope of the batch normalization layer and print them. Example:



          import tensorflow as tf

          tf.reset_default_graph()
          x = tf.constant(3.0, shape=(3,))
          x = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x)

          print(x.name) # batch_normalization/batchnorm/add_1:0

          variables = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.GLOBAL_VARIABLES,
          scope='batch_normalization')
          print(variables)

          #[<tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/gamma:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>,
          # <tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/beta:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>,
          # <tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/moving_mean:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>,
          # <tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/moving_variance:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>]

          with tf.Session() as sess:
          sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
          gamma = sess.run(variables[0])
          print(gamma) # [1. 1. 1.]





          share|improve this answer























          • Thank you! I gather that the scope batch_normalization is added automatically by the layer?

            – Eric Auld
            Nov 14 '18 at 19:00











          • Yes, that's correct.

            – Vlad-HC
            Nov 14 '18 at 19:31















          2














          You could get all the variables inside the scope of the batch normalization layer and print them. Example:



          import tensorflow as tf

          tf.reset_default_graph()
          x = tf.constant(3.0, shape=(3,))
          x = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x)

          print(x.name) # batch_normalization/batchnorm/add_1:0

          variables = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.GLOBAL_VARIABLES,
          scope='batch_normalization')
          print(variables)

          #[<tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/gamma:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>,
          # <tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/beta:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>,
          # <tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/moving_mean:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>,
          # <tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/moving_variance:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>]

          with tf.Session() as sess:
          sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
          gamma = sess.run(variables[0])
          print(gamma) # [1. 1. 1.]





          share|improve this answer























          • Thank you! I gather that the scope batch_normalization is added automatically by the layer?

            – Eric Auld
            Nov 14 '18 at 19:00











          • Yes, that's correct.

            – Vlad-HC
            Nov 14 '18 at 19:31













          2












          2








          2







          You could get all the variables inside the scope of the batch normalization layer and print them. Example:



          import tensorflow as tf

          tf.reset_default_graph()
          x = tf.constant(3.0, shape=(3,))
          x = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x)

          print(x.name) # batch_normalization/batchnorm/add_1:0

          variables = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.GLOBAL_VARIABLES,
          scope='batch_normalization')
          print(variables)

          #[<tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/gamma:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>,
          # <tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/beta:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>,
          # <tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/moving_mean:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>,
          # <tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/moving_variance:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>]

          with tf.Session() as sess:
          sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
          gamma = sess.run(variables[0])
          print(gamma) # [1. 1. 1.]





          share|improve this answer













          You could get all the variables inside the scope of the batch normalization layer and print them. Example:



          import tensorflow as tf

          tf.reset_default_graph()
          x = tf.constant(3.0, shape=(3,))
          x = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x)

          print(x.name) # batch_normalization/batchnorm/add_1:0

          variables = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.GLOBAL_VARIABLES,
          scope='batch_normalization')
          print(variables)

          #[<tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/gamma:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>,
          # <tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/beta:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>,
          # <tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/moving_mean:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>,
          # <tf.Variable 'batch_normalization/moving_variance:0' shape=(3,) dtype=float32_ref>]

          with tf.Session() as sess:
          sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
          gamma = sess.run(variables[0])
          print(gamma) # [1. 1. 1.]






          share|improve this answer












          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer










          answered Nov 13 '18 at 14:53









          Vlad-HCVlad-HC

          950915




          950915












          • Thank you! I gather that the scope batch_normalization is added automatically by the layer?

            – Eric Auld
            Nov 14 '18 at 19:00











          • Yes, that's correct.

            – Vlad-HC
            Nov 14 '18 at 19:31

















          • Thank you! I gather that the scope batch_normalization is added automatically by the layer?

            – Eric Auld
            Nov 14 '18 at 19:00











          • Yes, that's correct.

            – Vlad-HC
            Nov 14 '18 at 19:31
















          Thank you! I gather that the scope batch_normalization is added automatically by the layer?

          – Eric Auld
          Nov 14 '18 at 19:00





          Thank you! I gather that the scope batch_normalization is added automatically by the layer?

          – Eric Auld
          Nov 14 '18 at 19:00













          Yes, that's correct.

          – Vlad-HC
          Nov 14 '18 at 19:31





          Yes, that's correct.

          – Vlad-HC
          Nov 14 '18 at 19:31



















          draft saved

          draft discarded
















































          Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow!


          • Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!

          But avoid


          • Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.

          • Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.

          To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.




          draft saved


          draft discarded














          StackExchange.ready(
          function ()
          StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fstackoverflow.com%2fquestions%2f53282439%2fin-tensorflow-how-can-i-look-at-the-batch-normalization-parameters%23new-answer', 'question_page');

          );

          Post as a guest















          Required, but never shown





















































          Required, but never shown














          Required, but never shown












          Required, but never shown







          Required, but never shown

































          Required, but never shown














          Required, but never shown












          Required, but never shown







          Required, but never shown







          Popular posts from this blog

          Use pre created SQLite database for Android project in kotlin

          Darth Vader #20

          Ondo