Pfthb

Let's say I have a df that looks like this

ID X_Value
1 40
2 13
3 75
4 83
5 64
6 43
7 74
8 45
9 54
10 84

So what I would like to do, is to do a rolling function that if in the actual and last 4 rows, there are 2 or more values that are higher than X (let's say 70 for this example) then return 1, else 0.

So the output would be something like the following:

ID X_Value Next_4_2
1 40 0
2 13 0
3 75 0
4 83 1
5 64 1
6 43 1
7 24 1
8 45 0
9 74 0
10 84 1

I think this would be possible with a rolling function, but I have tried and not sure how to do it. Thank you in advance

Given your expected output, I suppose you meant "in the actual and previous 3 rows". Then using some rolling function indeed does the job:

library(zoo)
thr1 <- 70
thr2 <- 2
last <- 3 + 1
df$Next_4_2 <- 1 * (rollsum(df$X_Value > thr1, last, align = "right", fill = 0) >= thr2)
df
# ID X_Value Next_4_2
# 1 1 40 0
# 2 2 13 0
# 3 3 75 0
# 4 4 83 1
# 5 5 64 1
# 6 6 43 1
# 7 7 74 1
# 8 8 45 0
# 9 9 54 0
# 10 10 84 1

The indexing using max(1,i-3) is perhaps the only part of the code worth remembering. I might help in subsequent construction when a for-loop was really needed.

dat$X_Next_4_2 <- integer( length(dat$X_Value) )
dat$ X_Next_4_2[1]=0
for (i in 2:length(dat$X_Value) ) 
 dat$ X_Next_4_2[i]= 
 ( sum(dat$X_Value[i: (max(0, i-4) )] >=70) >=2 )

(Not very pretty and clearly inferior to the rollsum answer already posted.)